全球健康与长寿每日简报Global Health & Longevity Daily Briefing

中上海仁济医院周磊、林清霞团队在 Science 发表研究，阐明肠道成纤维细胞通过特定信号通路调控局部免疫反应、抑制肠道炎症的新机制。该发现为炎症性肠病等功能医学视角下的黏膜免疫失衡干预提供了新靶点，也为菌群-免疫-屏障轴的精准调节研究补充了关键环节。

ENA team led by Zhou Lei and Lin Qingxia at Shanghai Renji Hospital published in Science a new mechanism whereby intestinal fibroblasts regulate local immune responses and restrain gut inflammation via specific signaling pathways. The finding offers fresh targets for mucosal immune imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease and enriches the microbiome-immunity-barrier axis in functional medicine research.

中发表于 Science Translational Medicine 的研究将益生菌大肠杆菌 Nissle 1917 改造成肿瘤内定向“制药工厂”：细菌富集于肿瘤后原位生成 5-氟尿嘧啶，并叠加免疫激活与 PD-L1 阻断功能。小鼠实验中结肠肿瘤体积减少 43%，3/7 肿瘤完全消退，为活体微生物疗法联合化免治疗提供概念验证。

ENA Science Translational Medicine study reprogrammed probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 into an in-tumor drug factory: bacteria enriched in tumors locally convert 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracil while additionally stimulating immunity and blocking PD-L1. Colorectal tumors in mice shrank by 43%, with three of seven eliminated — a proof of concept for live biotherapeutics combined with chemoimmunotherapy.

中9 月上传于 Research Square 的预印本对 VA 安慰剂对照 FMT 随机试验进行生活质量亚分析：胶囊 FMT 组与安慰剂组的胃肠生活质量指数无显著差异，且该试验主结果同样未显示复发率获益。作者强调应将患者报告结局纳入 FMT 试验常规终点，提示不同制剂与递送方式的疗效差异需审慎解读。

ENA September preprint on Research Square reports a quality-of-life subanalysis of the VA placebo-controlled FMT randomized trial: encapsulated FMT showed no significant difference from placebo on the GI Quality of Life Index, and the main trial likewise found no recurrence benefit. The authors urge patient-reported outcomes as standard FMT endpoints, cautioning that formulation and delivery may explain divergent results.

中国家卫健委在答复全国人大代表建议时系统介绍糖尿病防治进展：联合 14 部门印发防治行动实施方案提出 24 条措施；修订《预包装食品营养标签通则》将糖与饱和脂肪新增为强制标示项并增加儿童青少年提示语；在校园限制销售含糖饮料，强化三减三健与医防融合监测体系。

ENReplying to a deputy's proposal, China's National Health Commission outlined diabetes prevention measures: a 24-point action plan with 14 ministries, revised nutrition labeling rules making sugar and saturated fat mandatory label items with youth-specific warnings, restrictions on sugary drinks in schools, and strengthened screening and integrated prevention-treatment monitoring.

中北京大学韩敬东、陈嘉伟团队在 Nature Aging 发表研究，用生成式多模态框架 AURORA 构建衰老时钟并对干预进行算术筛选，鉴定出口腔共生菌 Neisseria flavescens 为核心延寿菌：在线虫中延长寿命与健康span，老年小鼠补充热灭活菌可逆转血清代谢组、肝脏转录组与肠道菌群至更年轻状态，提示口腔微生物组是系统性衰老的被低估轴。

ENPeking University's Han Jingdong and Chen Jiawei reported in Nature Aging that AURORA, a generative multi-modality framework for aging clocks and in silico intervention screening, identified oral commensal Neisseria flavescens as a geroprotective microbe: it extended lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans, and heat-killed N. flavescens in aged mice shifted serum metabolome, liver transcriptome and gut microbiome toward younger states — framing the oral microbiome as an underestimated axis of systemic aging.

中中国医学科学院北京协和医学院主办的第五届中国基础医学发展大会暨首届衰老与健康研讨会上，西湖大学付向东提出衰老“耗竭理论”，北京大学韩敬东展示整合 58 万样本的生成式 AI 衰老时钟。与会专家普遍认为基于现有研究“长寿药”并不存在，逆龄概念属商业炒作，呼吁把基础研究与临床需求结合，服务健康老龄化。

ENAt the 5th China Basic Medical Development Congress and first Aging & Health Symposium hosted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fu Xiangdong of Westlake University proposed a “resource exhaustion” theory of aging, while Peking University's Han Jingdong presented generative AI aging clocks trained on 580,000 samples. Experts agreed that no true “longevity pill” exists yet, called anti-aging reversal claims commercial hype, and urged tighter basic research-clinical integration.

中发表于《基因组精神病学》的系统性综述指出，广泛使用的衰老测量方法——表观遗传时钟、虚弱指数与衰老标志物框架——可能混淆真正的衰老减缓与疾病特异性改善；不同物种主要死因差异巨大，通过延缓癌症延长小鼠寿命不等于减缓多系统衰退。作者呼吁区分基线效应与速率效应，建立跨组织、跨物种的标准化表型评估体系。

ENA systematic review in Genomic Psychiatry argues that widely used aging metrics — epigenetic clocks, frailty indices and hallmark frameworks — may confound genuine slowing of aging with disease-specific improvement. Because leading causes of death differ vastly across species, extending mouse lifespan by delaying cancer is not equivalent to slowing multisystem decline. The authors call for separating baseline from rate effects and standardized cross-tissue, cross-species phenotyping.

中加州大学尔湾分校团队在 Nature Metabolism 揭示肌肉干细胞应对压力的代谢时序：通过 PFKM 酶暂时减缓能量生产，将葡萄糖转向抗氧化修复，完成后再重启能量生产构建肌纤维。该机制为年龄增长、损伤及 GLP-1 减重药物导致的肌肉流失干预提供了代谢“构建块”补充的新思路。

ENUC Irvine researchers reported in Nature Metabolism that muscle stem cells respond to stress with a metabolic timing mechanism: the enzyme PFKM temporarily dials down energy production to divert glucose toward antioxidant repair, then restarts energy production to build new fibers. The finding suggests metabolic “building block” supplementation strategies against muscle loss from aging, injury and GLP-1 weight-loss drugs.

中9 月 24 日发表于 Nutrition Reviews 的荟萃分析汇总 8 项随机对照试验：与常规膳食建议相比，基于基因型的个性化营养与生活方式建议仅额外减重 0.52 公斤、BMI 多降 0.30，体脂率无显著差异。结果显示基因导向营养的群体平均获益微小，提示基因检测应作为个性化营养的参考数据点而非“捷径”。

ENA meta-analysis published September 24 in Nutrition Reviews pooled 8 randomized trials: genetics-based personalized nutrition and lifestyle advice produced only 0.52 kg extra weight loss and 0.30 BMI reduction versus standard advice, with no change in body fat percentage. The average population benefit is tiny, suggesting genetic testing should serve as one data point in precision nutrition rather than a shortcut.

中发表于 American Journal of Kidney Diseases 的随机对照试验显示，在保持正常蛋白摄入的前提下采用植物蛋白为主的饮食，可通过靶向肠道菌群显著降低晚期慢性肾病患者的尿毒症毒素水平。研究为“营养干预调节肠菌、减轻肾脏负担”的精准营养路径提供了高级别临床证据。

ENA randomized controlled trial in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases showed that a normoproteic, plant-dominant diet significantly reduced uremic toxin levels in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease by targeting the gut microbiota. The results provide high-level clinical evidence for precision nutrition strategies that modulate gut microbes to ease renal burden.

中JAMA Psychiatry 发表的短篇研究探讨从抑郁症患者饮食中移除超加工食品的非药物干预路径，初步结果显示可行性并在情绪结局上初见成效。研究将饮食质量作为精神健康的可调节靶点，为“营养精神病学”与菌群-肠-脑轴导向的个体化膳食干预积累了早期证据。

ENA short article in JAMA Psychiatry explored removing ultra-processed foods from the diets of patients with depression as a non-pharmacological intervention. Early results suggest feasibility and promising mood outcomes, positioning diet quality as a modifiable target in psychiatric care and adding early evidence for nutritional psychiatry and microbiome-gut-brain-directed personalized dietary intervention.

中墨西哥锡那罗亚自治大学团队 9 月 25 日接收于 Frontiers in Microbiomes 的叙述性综述系统梳理膳食模式、食物成分、运动、睡眠与昼夜节律、衰老及药物暴露对肠道菌群组成与功能的调节作用，强调个体间差异是核心特征，提出整合菌群数据与宿主及环境特征的个性化营养框架，并呼吁纵向研究与多组学验证。

ENA narrative review from Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, accepted September 25 in Frontiers in Microbiomes, maps how dietary patterns, food components, exercise, sleep and circadian rhythms, aging and medication exposure shape gut microbial composition and function. Highlighting interindividual variability as the central feature, it proposes a personalized nutrition framework integrating microbiome, host and environmental data, and calls for longitudinal multi-omics validation.

中NutraIngredients 9 月 25 日报道，Balchem 公司 K2VITAL DELTA 型维生素 K2（MK-7）的长期研究数据显示，补充与冠状动脉钙化（CAC）进展速度放缓 21% 相关，提示维生素 K2 可能通过激活基质 Gla 蛋白引导钙沉积、减少血管钙化，为心血管长期健康管理提供具成本效益的营养干预线索，仍需更大型硬终点试验确认。

ENNutraIngredients reported on September 25 that long-term data on Balchem's K2VITAL DELTA vitamin K2 (MK-7) link supplementation with 21% slower coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. The findings suggest K2 may direct calcium deposition via matrix Gla protein activation and reduce vascular calcification, hinting at a cost-effective nutritional lever for long-term cardiovascular health — pending confirmation in larger hard-endpoint trials.

中NutraIngredients 9 月 25 日报道的新研究系统审查社交媒体上的膳食补剂营销内容，发现夸大功效、未经证实健康声称与隐晦广告普遍存在，缺乏充分科学依据的“种草”内容大量触达消费者。研究者呼吁平台加强审核、行业提升声称实证标准，也为功能医学与营养从业者做科学传播提供警示样本。

ENNew research covered by NutraIngredients on September 25 systematically reviewed dietary supplement marketing on social media and found pervasive exaggerated efficacy claims, unsubstantiated health statements and covert advertising reaching consumers at scale without adequate scientific backing. The authors call for stronger platform moderation and higher substantiation standards — a caution for practitioners doing science communication in nutrition and functional medicine.

中NutraIngredients 9 月 25 日分析 Alice Mushrooms 功能性蘑菇产品相关案件，聚焦“成品证据”与“原料推断证据”的边界：品牌引用成分研究支持终端产品声称是否充分，正成为功能性蘑菇、适应原等热门品类的监管与诉讼焦点，为补剂行业标注实证与合规策略敲响警钟。

ENA September 25 NutraIngredients analysis of the Alice Mushrooms functional mushroom case examines the boundary between finished-product evidence and ingredient-level inference: whether citing ingredient studies sufficiently supports end-product claims is becoming a regulatory and litigation flashpoint for mushrooms and adaptogens — a warning shot for supplement substantiation and compliance strategy.

中NutraIngredients 9 月 25 日趋势追踪栏目盘点：AI 正同时赋能补剂行业的个性化推荐与新品研发，也带来虚假营销与过度承诺风险；健康span（健康寿命）导向的多成分组合新品集中上市，品牌更多把细胞健康科学嵌入整体健康老龄化产品组合，反映“从延寿叙事转向循证日常产品”的行业转变。

ENNutraIngredients' September 25 trend tracker rounds up how AI is simultaneously powering personalization and product development in supplements while amplifying misinformation and overclaiming risks; healthspan-oriented multi-ingredient launches are clustering as brands fold cellular-health science into broader healthy-aging portfolios — a shift from longevity narratives toward evidence-based everyday products.

中国家科技重大专项项目组牵头、48 位多学科专家共同制定的《面向个体健康行为促进的慢性病早期预防专家共识》近日在《中国慢性病预防与控制》发表，提出保持十种健康生活方式、减少九类风险因素、防止八项相关侵害的系统化框架，覆盖饮食、运动、睡眠、体重、疫苗接种与新技术合理使用等，为成年居民提供普适化健康行为处方。

ENA consensus on early chronic disease prevention, drafted by a national major science program team with 48 multidisciplinary experts and published in the Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, sets out a systematic framework of ten healthy lifestyle behaviors, nine risk-factor reductions and eight harm preventions — spanning diet, exercise, sleep, weight, vaccination and proper use of health devices — as a universal behavioral prescription for adults.

中据贵州省卫健委消息，全省 68 家三级公立综合医院已全部设置健康体重管理门诊，截至 8 月底累计接诊 6 万余人次。当地依托临床营养科、内分泌科、儿科等多学科资源并注重中西医协同，集中推进体重管理门诊建设，为“体重管理年”从政策到基层落地提供了省级样板。

ENGuizhou's health commission says all 68 tertiary public hospitals in the province now run health weight-management clinics, with over 60,000 visits logged by the end of August. Built on multidisciplinary resources — clinical nutrition, endocrinology and pediatrics — with emphasis on integrated Chinese-Western medicine, the program offers a provincial model for taking national weight-management policy to the grassroots.

中发表于 Nature Medicine 的前瞻性 PATHFINDER 2 研究纳入 35,878 名 50 岁以上成人：多癌早检（MCED）血液测试在 32,007 人主分析中识别 287 例阳性，阳性预测值 60.3%、特异性 99.64%，检出癌种中 72.8% 目前无常规筛查推荐，53% 为 I-II 期。研究者强调该测试应作为现有筛查的补充而非替代。

ENThe prospective PATHFINDER 2 study published in Nature Medicine enrolled 35,878 adults aged 50 and older: the multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood test flagged 287 positive results among 32,007 in the primary analysis, with a 60.3% positive predictive value and 99.64% specificity; 72.8% of detected cancers currently have no routine screening, and 53% were stage I-II. Researchers stress it should complement, not replace, existing screening.

中9 月 24 日国家疾控局联合国家卫健委、国家中医药局召开全国视频会议，部署中秋国庆假期前后及秋冬季重点传染病防治：要求加强多渠道监测、用好国家传染病智能监测预警前置软件，健全入境疑似病例闭环处置机制，及时处置蚊媒与人畜共患病聚集性疫情，并广泛开展爱国卫生运动与健康科普。

ENOn September 24 the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration, with the National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, held a national video meeting on infectious disease control around the Mid-Autumn and National Day holidays and autumn-winter season — strengthening multi-channel surveillance with the national intelligent early-warning software, closed-loop handling of imported suspected cases, prompt response to vector-borne and zoonotic clusters, and broad health education.