全球健康与长寿每日简报Global Health & Longevity Daily Briefing

中东京大学与湖南师范大学两团队 9 月 23 日在《Nature》背靠背发表果蝇研究，锁定储存蛋白 Lsp2 为「营养记忆」分子。幼虫期限制蛋白质可持续压低 Lsp2，进而减少成年早期核糖体蛋白供给、抑制翻译活性，最终延长寿命；直接沉默 Lsp2 可复现延寿效果，且不损害生殖与体型。研究还发现仅限制苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸等 Lsp2 富集氨基酸即足以延寿，为生命早期营养编程提供了分子层面的解释。

ENTwo teams — the University of Tokyo and Hunan Normal University — published back-to-back Drosophila studies in Nature on Sept 23 identifying the storage protein Lsp2 as a molecular carrier of nutritional memory. Larval protein restriction persistently lowers Lsp2, reducing early-adult ribosomal protein supply and translational activity, ultimately extending lifespan; silencing Lsp2 reproduces the effect without harming reproduction or body size. Restricting only Lsp2-enriched amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine was sufficient to extend lifespan, offering a molecular account of early-life nutritional programming.

中浙江大学医学院附属第一医院与公共卫生学院团队在《Nature Communications》发表研究，用弹性网络回归将 38 类食物摄入与 GrimAge2 加速数据关联，构建出「经验性减缓表观遗传衰老膳食指数」（EDISEA）。开发与验证队列中，最高与最低五分位组的 GrimAge2 加速分别相差 4.17 年与 3.77 年；高分组全因死亡风险合并下降（风险比 0.80），并与癌症、痴呆、心血管病及功能受限发生率下降相关。研究属观察性设计，尚不能证明因果。

ENResearchers from Zhejiang University's First Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health used elastic net regression to link 38 food groups to GrimAge2 acceleration, constructing an Empirical Dietary Index for Slowing Epigenetic Aging (EDISEA). Across development and validation cohorts, the highest versus lowest quintile differed by 4.17 and 3.77 years of GrimAge2 acceleration respectively; higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality (pooled HR 0.80) and lower incidence of cancer, dementia, cardiovascular disease and functional limitation. The design is observational and cannot establish causation.

中9 月 27 日《Nature Health》发表基于 Human Phenotype Project（已入组 2.8 万人）的研究，分析 32 项膳食因素，识别出 7 项与睡眠结构改善相关，包括植物性食物种类、膳食纤维密度与植化素摄入。纤维摄入更高者深睡与 REM 睡眠增加；植物性食物多样性更高者夜间心率更低。研究同时发现晚餐吃得更丰盛者总睡眠时间略长，但夜间心率升高，提示延长的睡眠可能以睡眠质量为代价。

ENPublished Sept 27 in Nature Health, an analysis of 32 dietary factors in the Human Phenotype Project (28,000 enrolled) identified seven associated with better sleep architecture, including plant food variety, fiber density and phytochemical intake. Higher fiber intake tracked with more deep and REM sleep; greater minimally processed plant food variety tracked with lower nighttime heart rate. Heavier evening meals were linked to slightly longer total sleep but elevated nighttime heart rate, suggesting the extra sleep may come at a cost to quality.

中《Molecular Nutrition & Food Research》第 70 卷第 18 期（9 月 28 日）刊出综述，系统梳理特定膳食模式如何经微生物代谢物、免疫调节、迷走神经信号、肠屏障完整性与 HPA 轴等多条通路影响「微生物—肠—脑轴」，进而作用于情绪、认知与应激韧性。作者明确指出，尽管机制框架合理，但基于菌群的个性化饮食策略仍需更多设计严谨的人体研究验证，目前尚不足以支撑临床推荐。

ENThe Sept 28 issue of Molecular Nutrition & Food Research carries a review mapping how specific dietary patterns act on the microbiota–gut–brain axis through microbial metabolites, immune regulation, vagal signaling, gut barrier integrity and the HPA axis, shaping mood, cognition and stress resilience. The authors stress that although the mechanistic framework is plausible, personalized microbiome-informed dietary strategies still require validation in well-designed human studies and are not yet ready for clinical recommendation.

中耶鲁大学 Higgins-Chen 实验室汇总 51 项人体干预研究、110 余项 DNA 甲基化标志物（含 16 种主流表观遗传时钟）进行系统评估。结果显示：运动联合健康饮食（地中海、低碳或低脂均可）稳定降低表观遗传年龄；处方药降幅最大，以二甲双胍、司美格鲁肽与抗 TNF 疗法最为显著；而鱼油、NMN 等非处方补充剂及高压氧等医疗操作普遍未见显著效果。研究还提示新一代时钟（DunedinPACE、PCGrimAge）对干预更敏感，且患病受试者的标志物改变幅度大于健康人。

ENThe Higgins-Chen lab at Yale pooled 51 human intervention studies and more than 110 DNA methylation markers (including 16 major epigenetic clocks). Exercise combined with a healthy diet — Mediterranean, low-carb or low-fat — consistently lowered epigenetic age; prescription drugs produced the largest reductions, led by metformin, semaglutide and anti-TNF therapy; over-the-counter supplements such as fish oil and NMN, along with procedures like hyperbaric oxygen, generally showed no significant effect. Newer clocks (DunedinPACE, PCGrimAge) were more responsive, and marker changes were larger in diseased than healthy participants.

中波士顿生物技术公司 Life Biosciences 宣布首位人类受试者已接受其基因疗法 ER-100（AAV2-OSK）。该疗法通过 Oct4、Sox2、Klf4 三种因子对细胞进行部分表观遗传重编程，目标是修复老化或受损细胞，目前针对开角型青光眼与非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变开展临床试验。公司称这是首个获批进入临床试验的表观遗传修复候选疗法。该路径此前仅在啮齿类与灵长类中验证，人体安全性与有效性仍待数据。

ENBoston-based Life Biosciences announced that the first human has received its gene therapy ER-100 (AAV2-OSK), which uses Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 for partial epigenetic reprogramming aimed at repairing aged or damaged cells. Trials target open-angle glaucoma and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The company describes it as the first epigenetic repair candidate cleared for clinical trials. The approach had previously been validated only in rodents and primates; human safety and efficacy data are still pending.

中据 DataLookout 仪表盘（每日抓取 ClinicalTrials.gov）截至 9 月 27 日的统计，全球活跃长寿临床试验共 44 项，其中 21 项正在招募，涉及 38 家申办方。过去 30 天记录到 8 项状态变动，包括 9 月 17 日 Cedars-Sinai 的 NCT06682767 重大更新，以及 NCT06573463 由「尚未招募」转为「状态未知」。44 项试验中仅 7 项标注了明确分期，35 项未标注分期，反映该领域试验设计与分期登记仍待规范。

ENAccording to the DataLookout dashboard, which pulls from ClinicalTrials.gov daily, 44 active longevity trials were running as of Sept 27, with 21 recruiting across 38 sponsors. Eight status changes were recorded in the past 30 days, including a major Sept 17 update to Cedars-Sinai's NCT06682767 and NCT06573463 moving from Not Yet Recruiting to Unknown. Only seven of the 44 trials list an explicit phase, while 35 list none — a sign that trial design and phase registration in the field still need standardization.

中Mount Sinai 于 9 月 26 日更新 NYC-Vita XPRIZE Healthspan 试验页面，称该试验将于 2026 年底前启动，是其已完成研究 NCT07058974 的扩展版本。试验将同时测试一种药物、一种营养补充剂与监督下运动，目标是预防或逆转与年龄相关的免疫功能改变。XPRIZE Healthspan 竞赛要求让 50–90 岁成年人的肌肉、认知与免疫功能至少恢复 10 年（目标 20 年）。具体方案将在研究设计定稿并获 IRB 与 FDA 批准后公布。

ENMount Sinai updated its NYC-Vita XPRIZE Healthspan trial page on Sept 26, stating the trial will open by the end of 2026 as an expanded version of the completed study NCT07058974. It will test a drug, a nutritional supplement and supervised exercise to prevent or reverse age-related immune shifts. The XPRIZE Healthspan competition aims to restore muscle, cognition and immune function in adults aged 50–90 by at least 10 years, with a 20-year goal. Final details await study design completion and IRB and FDA approvals.

中大阪大学团队在《American Journal of Kidney Diseases》发表随机对照试验，对 36 例晚期慢性肾病患者比较含 70% 与 50% 植物蛋白的等量常蛋白饮食（0.8 g/kg/天）干预 4 周的代谢效应。70% 植物蛋白组血清 TMAO 显著下降（组间差 −4.6 μg/mL），碳酸氢盐与血钙升高、全段甲状旁腺激素下降，产短链脂肪酸菌属如 Butyricicoccus 增加、促炎菌属 Bilophila 减少。两组血钾与瘦体重无差异，提示未增加高钾血症风险。样本量较小，需更大规模验证。

ENPublished in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, an Osaka University randomized trial compared 70% versus 50% plant-protein isonitrogenous diets (0.8 g/kg/day) over four weeks in 36 patients with advanced CKD. The 70% group showed a significant fall in serum TMAO (between-group difference −4.6 μg/mL), higher bicarbonate and serum calcium, lower intact parathyroid hormone, and shifts toward short-chain fatty acid producers such as Butyricicoccus with fewer pro-inflammatory Bilophila. Potassium and lean mass did not differ, suggesting no added hyperkalemia risk. The sample was small and needs larger validation.

中《Molecular Nutrition & Food Research》刊出研究，通过时间分辨的多模态测量表征粪便分散体系，由人工智能整合理化描述符，识别出 7 种肠道代谢表型。机器学习、菌群图谱与常规实验室指标的联合分析支持这些表型的生物学一致性，作者认为这为未来非侵入性功能评估以及「按表型选配」益生元、益生菌与后生元策略提供了基础框架，但目前仍属方法学与概念验证阶段。

ENA study in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research used time-resolved multimodal measurements of stool dispersions and had artificial intelligence integrate physicochemical descriptors to identify seven gut metabolic phenotypes. Machine learning, microbiome profiling and standard laboratory markers together supported their biological coherence. The authors position this as a basis for future non-invasive functional assessment and phenotype-guided prebiotic, probiotic or postbiotic strategies, though the work remains methodological and proof-of-concept.

中《Nutrients》刊登叙述性综述，检索至 2026 年 7 月 31 日的文献，评估儿童特应性皮炎的营养管理证据。当前指南支持条件允许时母乳喂养、辅食期保持饮食多样性、避免不必要饮食排除、纠正已证实的营养缺乏并管理已确认的食物过敏。荟萃分析显示益生菌与合生元可降低 SCORAD 评分，但合并效应量小、异质性高，未达最小临床重要差异，因此应表述为可选辅助而非推荐治疗。微生物组与多组学表型分型目前尚无经验证的饮食反应预测价值。

ENA narrative review in Nutrients, covering literature through July 31, 2026, assessed nutritional management in pediatric atopic dermatitis. Guidelines support breastfeeding when feasible, dietary diversity during complementary feeding, avoiding unnecessary elimination, correcting confirmed deficiencies and managing confirmed food allergy. Meta-analyses show probiotics and synbiotics reduce SCORAD scores, but pooled effects were small and heterogeneous and did not reach minimal clinically important difference — supporting an optional adjunct rather than a recommended therapy. Microbiome and multi-omic phenotyping have no validated dietary-response predictive value yet.

中据报道，传统保健品龙头汤臣倍健两年营收缩水超 30 亿元，而个性化营养公司 Nourished 已售出超 6000 万粒定制维生素软糖、营收增速 61%；国内定制营养品牌「营养日记」以月费约 400 元的方案切入，依据基于《Cell》14 项衰老标志物框架开发的 7D 评估模型，从 7 个维度摸排营养缺口。Stratistics MRC 数据显示，2026 年全球个性化营养补剂市场规模预计 124 亿美元，复合年增长率 14.7%。资本层面，Bioniq 于 2026 年 3 月被康宝莱以最高 1.5 亿美元收购。

ENReporting indicates that Chinese supplement leader By-Health has shed more than 3 billion yuan in revenue over two years, while personalized nutrition company Nourished has sold over 60 million custom vitamin gummies with 61% revenue growth. Domestic brand Nutrition Diary entered at roughly 400 yuan per month, using a 7D assessment model built on the 14 hallmarks of aging published in Cell. Stratistics MRC puts the global personalized supplement market at $12.4 billion in 2026 with a 14.7% CAGR. On the capital side, Herbalife acquired UK-based Bioniq in March 2026 for up to $150 million.

中东京大学团队在《npj Aging》发表随机双盲安慰剂对照试验，62 名健康老年人按 1:1 分组，每日补充 1250 mg NMN 或安慰剂，持续 24 周。结果显示 NMN 组血液 NAD+ 及 NMN、NAM、NAR、NAMN、NAAD 等代谢物显著升高，证明长期口服可有效增强全身 NAD 代谢；但听力（主要终点）、步速、握力、30 秒坐立、6 分钟步行与肌肉功能等指标均未改善，总体安全性良好。研究提示需理性看待 NMN 的「抗衰老」宣称，肝脏异常人群补充时宜监测肝功能。研究由 NMN 供应商 Mirailab Bioscience 资助。

ENIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in npj Aging, 62 healthy older adults received 1,250 mg NMN daily or placebo for 24 weeks. Blood NAD+ and related metabolites (NMN, NAM, NAR, NAMN, NAAD) rose significantly in the treatment arm, confirming that long-term oral NMN effectively augments systemic NAD metabolism. Yet hearing (the primary endpoint), gait speed, grip strength, the 30-second chair stand, six-minute walk and muscle function did not improve; overall safety was good. The authors urge a measured view of anti-aging claims and monitoring of liver function in people with abnormal liver enzymes. The study was funded by NMN supplier Mirailab Bioscience.

中韩国团队在《Scientific Reports》发表动物实验，对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠每日口服 1×10¹⁰ 细胞剂量的热灭活嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌（AKK）与普通拟杆菌复合菌体，持续 10 周。结果显示可抑制体重增长与内脏脂肪堆积、缓解肝脂肪变性、优化葡萄糖稳态，并重塑肠道微生态；热灭活后菌体失去增殖与降解黏蛋白的活性，肠道黏液屏障完整性反而改善。值得注意的是小鼠进食量未变，体重与体脂变化并非来自节食。研究仅为小鼠实验，作者明确提示结论不能直接外推到人体。

ENA Korean team published animal work in Scientific Reports in which high-fat-diet obese mice received 1×10¹⁰ cells daily of heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila plus Bacteroides vulgatus for 10 weeks. The intervention suppressed weight gain and visceral fat accumulation, eased hepatic steatosis, improved glucose homeostasis and reshaped the gut microbiota. Because heat-killed bacteria cannot proliferate or degrade mucin, gut mucus barrier integrity actually improved. Notably food intake was unchanged, so body composition changes were not from caloric restriction. The authors caution the findings are mouse-only and cannot be extrapolated directly to humans.

中行业盘点指出，尿石素 A 的人体证据在同类成分中相对扎实：2022 年《Nature Metabolism》随机双盲试验显示老年人每日 500 mg Mitopure 四个月可改善肌肉耐力与握力，该剂量也成为零售产品标准；2024 年《JAMA Network Open》在 40–64 岁中年人观察到 VO₂max 与抗疲劳改善。同时文章明确指出三点局限：尿石素 A 与 NMN／NR 的联合方案尚无任何人体试验；多数产品缺乏第三方认证（截至 2026 年 9 月，NSF 与 USP 公开数据库均无尿石素 A 产品）；生物利用度数据主要来自 Mitopure 晶型，其他原料的纯度与吸收资料有限。

ENAn industry review notes urolithin A's human evidence is comparatively robust for its class: a 2022 Nature Metabolism randomized double-blind trial showed 500 mg Mitopure daily for four months improved muscle endurance and grip strength in older adults — the dose now standardized in retail products — while a 2024 JAMA Network Open trial in adults aged 40–64 found gains in VO2 max and fatigue resistance. Three limitations are flagged: no human trial has tested urolithin A combined with NMN or NR; most products lack third-party certification (as of September 2026 neither NSF nor USP databases listed any urolithin A product); and bioavailability data come mainly from Mitopure's crystalline form, with limited purity and absorption data for other raw materials.

中美国国家衰老研究所（NIA）登记的 NCT06274749 试验于 2026 年 9 月 30 日启动，计划入组 180 名 55 岁以上、BMI ≥ 27 的健康成人，随机接受每日 1 g 尿石素 A 或安慰剂共 8 周，采用四盲设计（受试者、照护者、研究者、结局评估者）。主要终点为补充后 β 细胞对葡萄糖的响应速率；次要终点包括肠促胰素分泌、基于大腿 MRI/MRS 的线粒体呼吸、脑氧化代谢、肠道菌群组成与免疫细胞比例。所用原料已获 FDA GRAS 认定（GRN No. 000791），预计 2027 年 3 月完成。

ENRegistered by the US National Institute on Aging, trial NCT06274749 starts Sept 30, 2026, aiming to enroll 180 healthy adults aged 55+ with BMI ≥ 27, randomized to 1 g urolithin A daily or placebo for eight weeks in a quadruple-masked design covering participants, care providers, investigators and outcome assessors. The primary endpoint is the rate at which beta cells respond to glucose; secondary endpoints include incretin secretion, mitochondrial respiration via thigh MRI/MRS, brain oxidative metabolism, gut microbiome composition and immune cell proportions. The material holds FDA GRAS status (GRN No. 000791), with completion expected in March 2027.

中今年全民健康文明生活方式宣传月主题为「主动健康 自我管理」。中国疾控中心慢病处处长赖建强、慢病中心主任吴静等专家指出，我国慢性病导致的死亡占总死亡的 88% 以上，仅靠患病后就医的被动模式难以遏制高发态势，必须推动健康关口前移。今年 7 月国务院印发《国民健康「十五五」规划》，提出到 2030 年人均预期寿命达 80 岁、居民健康素养水平提升至 40%。专家建议普通人优先做好几件关键事：定期体检并关注血压、血糖、血脂、腰围与体重；均衡膳食、避免久坐；不吸烟、限制饮酒、保证充足睡眠；指标异常及时就医。

ENThis year's national healthy-lifestyle campaign is themed 'proactive health, self-management.' Officials from China CDC's chronic disease division note that chronic diseases account for more than 88% of all deaths in China, and that a passive model of seeking care only after illness cannot curb the trend — health must be moved upstream. The State Council's 15th Five-Year National Health Plan, issued in July, targets average life expectancy of 80 years and health literacy of 40% by 2030. Experts advise prioritizing regular checkups tracking blood pressure, glucose, lipids, waist circumference and weight; balanced diet and less sitting; no smoking, limited alcohol and adequate sleep; and prompt care when markers go abnormal.

中国家卫生健康委表示将进一步组织做好《中国居民膳食指南》修订工作。现行指南除面向健康成人提出八条准则外，还制定 9 种特定人群膳食指南，并针对糖尿病、高血压等慢性病制定食养指南，提供不同地区、季节与饮食习惯的个性化食谱示例；同时依托数字化平台上线小程序端口提供膳食调理参考。修订方向包括：针对营养失衡制定符合国情的干预建议；用更通俗语言提升可操作性；结合科学前沿、国民营养监测数据与中医药传统智慧打造中国特色膳食模式；按地域与个人营养状况提出个性化建议。

ENChina's National Health Commission says it will further organize revision of the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. The current edition sets eight principles for healthy adults plus dietary guidelines for nine specific populations, alongside therapeutic diet guides for diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases with personalized menu examples by region, season and dietary habit; a digital platform and mini-program provide dietary reference tools. Revision directions include intervention advice tailored to national nutritional imbalances, more accessible and actionable language, a distinctly Chinese dietary pattern drawing on scientific frontiers, national nutrition surveillance data and traditional Chinese medicine wisdom, and personalized recommendations by region and individual status.

中武汉市卫健委在 9 月 29 日发布的政协提案答复中介绍，该市依托基本公共卫生服务、「323」攻坚行动、体重管理年活动与老年人体检等工作，为高血压、糖尿病等慢性病患者及高危人群建立健康档案，签约家庭医生每季度监测血压、血糖、BMI 与腰围，并根据监测结果开展营养配餐与科学运动宣教，落实个性化健康干预。2024–2025 年该市还组织覆盖 16 个区、4000 余人次的含糖加工食品消费量专项调查，为制定控糖干预策略提供数据支撑。

ENIn a Sept 29 reply to a political consultative conference proposal, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission described building health records for patients with hypertension, diabetes and other chronic diseases as well as high-risk groups, drawing on basic public health services, the '323' campaign, the weight-management year and elderly checkups. Contracted family doctors monitor blood pressure, glucose, BMI and waist circumference quarterly and deliver nutrition and exercise guidance based on results. In 2024–2025 the city also ran a survey of sugar-sweetened processed food intake covering more than 4,000 person-visits across 16 districts to inform sugar-control strategy.

中由「癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性疾病防治研究国家科技重大专项」项目组牵头、全国 48 位多学科专家共同制定的《面向个体健康行为促进的慢性病早期预防专家共识》在《中国慢性病预防与控制》杂志发表。共识提出「十保、九减、八防」框架：保持合理饮食、充足饮水（成人每日 1500–1700 毫升）、每周至少 150 分钟中等强度运动、良好睡眠（7–8 小时）与适宜 BMI（18.5–23.9 kg/m²）等十项；减少盐（＜5 克/天）、添加糖（＜25 克/天）、烹调油（25–30 克/天）、酒精、久坐等九类风险因素；防跌倒、防吸烟、防合餐、防极端天气等八项侵害，为成年居民提供系统化、普适化的早期预防行为框架。

ENLed by the national science and technology major project on cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic disease prevention and developed by 48 multidisciplinary experts, a consensus on early chronic disease prevention through individual health behavior was published in the Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases. It proposes a 10-keep, 9-reduce, 8-prevent framework: keep a balanced diet, adequate hydration (1,500–1,700 ml daily for adults), at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity weekly, good sleep (7–8 hours) and a BMI of 18.5–23.9 kg/m², among ten items; reduce nine risk factors including salt (under 5 g/day), added sugar (under 25 g/day), cooking oil (25–30 g/day), alcohol and prolonged sitting; and prevent eight harms including falls, smoking, shared utensil use and extreme weather.