全球健康与长寿每日简报Global Health & Longevity Daily Briefing

中广州国家实验室、广州医科大学熊小哲团队联合哈佛医学院在《自然》发文，首次证实产气荚膜梭菌分泌的 Delta 毒素是部分重症坏死性小肠结肠炎的关键致病因子：毒素结合宿主 CD9 受体，直接启动肠坏死并继发脑、肺多器官损伤；动物模型中中和抗体显示出保护作用，为毒素检测与疾病精准分型提供依据。

ENA team from the Guangzhou National Laboratory and Guangzhou Medical University, with Harvard Medical School, reported in Nature that delta toxin from Clostridium perfringens is a key driver of severe necrotizing enterocolitis. The toxin binds host CD9 to trigger intestinal necrosis and downstream brain and lung injury; neutralizing antibodies were protective in animal models, pointing to toxin testing and precision subtyping.

中吉林农业大学团队发现，C19orf18 基因敲除小鼠对沙门菌感染的抵抗力显著增强，其肠道内以黏蛋白为食的阿克曼菌明显富集，色氨酸代谢通路被系统性激活，吲哚、色醇、色胺及下游 AHR-IL22 黏膜保护轴同步升高；补充色氨酸须依赖菌群才起效，直接回补吲哚的保护效果最强。

ENJilin Agricultural University researchers found that C19orf18 knockout mice resist Salmonella infection far better: the mucin-feeding Akkermansia is enriched, the tryptophan pathway is activated, and indole, tryptophol, tryptamine plus the downstream AHR-IL22 mucosal axis rise together. Tryptophan supplementation worked only with an intact microbiota, and direct indole replacement was most protective.

中南昌大学第二附属医院团队从健康人粪便中筛出黏液乳杆菌，发现真正起效的是其分泌的约 129 纳米胞外囊泡而非活菌：囊泡口服后主要分布于胃肠与肝脏，激活 AMPK、下调 SREBP-1c，减少肝内脂滴沉积，并重塑菌群提高阿克曼菌丰度；29 例脂肪肝患者的菌群分析显示乳杆菌丰度显著下降。

ENA Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital team isolated Ligilactobacillus mucosae from healthy stool and found the active agent is its ~129 nm extracellular vesicles rather than live bacteria. Orally, the vesicles concentrated in gut and liver, activated AMPK, lowered SREBP-1c and hepatic lipid droplets, and reshaped microbiota toward more Akkermansia; patients with fatty liver showed markedly lower Lactobacillus abundance.

中研究团队搭建无需微流控硬件的仿生人结肠三维共培养平台，可同步回收细菌层与上皮层分别测序：菌群共存后上皮表达的 5566 个基因中仅 41 个显著改变，细胞因子谱呈「重组」而非单纯促炎或抑炎——TNF-α、IL-8 与抗炎 IL-10 同时升高，提示短链脂肪酸诱导了一种「警觉但受控」的免疫状态。

ENResearchers built a biomimetic 3D human colon co-culture platform needing no microfluidics, sequencing bacterial and epithelial layers separately. With microbiota present, only 41 of 5,566 epithelial genes changed, and the cytokine profile was reorganised rather than simply pro- or anti-inflammatory: TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 all rose, suggesting short-chain fatty acids induce an alert-but-contained immune state.

中哥本哈根大学团队发现，随年龄下降的心肌磷脂使受损线粒体产生更多活性氧，经 ERRγ 驱动快肌纤维向慢肌纤维转换——这不是单纯衰竭，而是用力量换取抗氧化防御；小鼠心肌磷脂回补至正常约三分之二即逆转肌萎缩并完全避免早亡，而外源抗氧化剂反而让肌肉更差，提示「清除活性氧」可能适得其反。

ENUniversity of Copenhagen scientists showed that age-related cardiolipin loss makes damaged mitochondria release more reactive oxygen species, and ERRγ then drives a fast-to-slow fibre switch — not pure decline but a trade of power for antioxidant defence. Restoring cardiolipin to about two-thirds of normal reversed wasting and prevented early death in mice, while antioxidants made muscles worse.

中伦敦玛丽女王大学细胞老化与衰老实验室以裂殖酵母为模型发现，咖啡因并非直接抑制 TORC1，而是经 Ssp1、Ssp2 与调节亚基 Amk2 强力激活能量感受器 AMPK，重塑代谢节律并加速有丝分裂，显著延长细胞在非分裂状态的历时寿命；该通路与二甲双胍靶点重合，但结论仍限于单细胞模型，不能外推到人群。

ENUsing fission yeast, Queen Mary University of London researchers found caffeine does not directly inhibit TORC1 but strongly activates the energy sensor AMPK through Ssp1, Ssp2 and the Amk2 subunit, resetting metabolic rhythm and extending chronological lifespan in the non-dividing state. The pathway overlaps with metformin's target, but the findings remain confined to a single-cell model.

中维泰瑞隆宣布，其同类首创口服 NAMPT 激活剂 SIR4156 联合司美格鲁肽的全球 II 期 FORGE-LM 试验已完成约 50% 目标患者入组。该药通过恢复 NAD+ 稳态改善线粒体功能与细胞能量代谢，临床前显示优先减脂、保留瘦体重、减少肌肉萎缩，瞄准减重保肌与停药后脂肪反跳等需求。

ENVitalityrex said its first-in-class oral NAMPT activator SIR4156, combined with semaglutide, has enrolled about half the target patients in the global Phase II FORGE-LM randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in obesity. By restoring NAD+ homeostasis the drug aims to preserve lean mass and limit muscle wasting during weight loss and fat regain after stopping treatment.

中芬兰团队对 51 名平均 50 岁成人测试发现，30 分钟桑拿（中途短暂冷水冲淋）后各类循环白细胞均上升，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞在 30 分钟内回落至基线，提示热暴露把免疫细胞从组织「动员」入血以增强免疫监视；部分细胞因子变化与体温升幅相关，但能否带来长期免疫获益尚未证实。

ENIn 51 adults averaging 50 years, a Finnish team found a 30-minute sauna with a brief mid-session cold shower raised every measured circulating white blood cell type, with neutrophils and lymphocytes returning to baseline within 30 minutes — suggesting heat mobilises immune cells from tissues to improve surveillance. Some cytokine shifts tracked temperature rise, but lasting benefit is unproven.

中由南昌大学主办的 2026 国际产学研用合作会议（江西）——活性叶酸与精准营养健康国际会议在南昌举行，来自新加坡、比利时等多国专家围绕活性叶酸基础研究、临床与产业化应用展开研讨，聚焦辅食营养品、主粮强化小麦粉、调制乳粉三大赛道；同期三场签约覆盖原料供给、主粮强化与特医食品。

ENHosted by Nanchang University, the 2026 International Industry-University-Research Conference (Jiangxi) on active folate and precision nutrition drew experts from Singapore, Belgium and elsewhere to discuss basic, clinical and industrial applications of active folate, focusing on complementary foods, fortified wheat flour and formulated milk powder, with three signings across raw materials, fortification and FSMP.

中巴西圣保罗大学团队分析 12772 名成人约 8 年数据，低/无热量甜味剂摄入最高组（日均 191 毫克）整体思维与记忆衰退速度比最低组（20 毫克）快 62%，相当于多衰老约 1.6 年；阿斯巴甜、糖精、安赛蜜、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇六种均相关，塔格糖未见关联，糖尿病人群关联更强。

ENAnalysing 12,772 Brazilian adults over about eight years, University of São Paulo researchers found the highest low- and no-calorie sweetener intake (191 mg/day) was associated with 62% faster decline in overall thinking and memory versus the lowest (20 mg/day), equal to about 1.6 extra years of ageing. Aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, erythritol, sorbitol and xylitol were linked; tagatose was not.

中综述基于 47 项核心研究指出，肥胖会在脂肪组织、循环与造血系统中留下持久的细胞、转录与表观遗传印记：减重后脂肪组织免疫状态并不完全正常化、脂肪细胞程序持续存在、T 细胞 DNA 甲基化改变长期保留。饮食干预可降低炎症基调并调节相关通路，但尚无任何膳食模式被证明能在人体消除已建立的免疫代谢记忆。

ENBased on 47 core studies, the review finds obesity leaves persistent cellular, transcriptional and epigenetic imprints across adipose tissue, circulation and haematopoiesis: after weight loss, adipose immune status does not fully normalise, adipocyte programmes persist and T-cell DNA methylation changes remain. Diet can lower inflammatory tone, but no dietary pattern has been shown to erase established immunometabolic memory in humans.

中文章汇总多项队列证据：2216 名中国老人 4 年随访中 541 人出现虚弱，蛋白质来源越多样（肉、鱼、蛋、豆并用）虚弱比例越低，以肉鱼为主要来源者约为最低组的一半；4.8 万名女性长期随访显示，中年蛋白质摄入较高者晚年身体功能与认知状态更好。作者强调关键在于膳食结构均衡，而非单一食材。

ENThe article pools cohort evidence: among 2,216 older Chinese adults followed four years, 541 became frail, and greater protein-source diversity (meat, fish, eggs, legumes) tracked with lower frailty, with meat-and-fish-dominant diets about half the rate of the lowest group. In 48,000 women, higher midlife protein intake predicted better late-life function and cognition; balance, not any single food, is key.

中芝加哥伊利诺伊大学开展 22 人（14 名儿童、8 名成人）随机对照试验：含漱并饮用纯无糖蔓越莓汁后，牙菌斑再生速度慢于对照，儿童与成人菌斑产酸均下降；起效成分可能是原花青素，而含糖蔓越莓混合果汁未显示同等效果。研究仅观察 30 分钟、样本小，尚不能证明长期防龋。

ENIn a 22-person randomised trial (14 children, 8 adults) at the University of Illinois Chicago, swishing and drinking pure unsweetened cranberry juice slowed dental plaque regrowth and reduced acid production in both age groups, unlike a sweetened 27%-juice cocktail. Proanthocyanidins are the likely actives, but the 30-minute, small-sample design cannot prove cavity prevention.

中墨西哥科阿韦拉自治大学团队用海藻酸钠包埋红毛丹果皮鞣花单宁（含老鹳草素等），在 3000 ppm 多酚、2% 海藻酸钠与 5 mM 氯化钙条件下包埋效率达 55%；包埋物 ABTS 与 DPPH 抑制率分别为 76% 与 65%，细胞存活率超 75%，但储存与消化稳定性及人体效果尚未验证。

ENAt the Autonomous University of Coahuila in Mexico, sodium alginate encapsulation of rambutan peel ellagitannins (geraniin, corilagin) reached 55% efficiency at 3,000 ppm polyphenols, 2% alginate and 5 mM calcium chloride. The encapsulated material retained 76% ABTS and 65% DPPH inhibition with cell viability above 75%, though storage, digestive stability and human efficacy remain untested.

中印度团队先以缺氧心肌细胞比较三种成分，牛磺酸把代谢活性恢复至 97.27% 最强；随后 50 名 18–22 岁男性运动员每日补充 320 毫克富 β-葡聚糖蘑菇提取物 40 天，相对最大摄氧量提升 14.8%、力竭时间延长 54.9 秒，白细胞与红细胞部分指标改变而体成分不变。

ENAn Indian team first compared three compounds in hypoxic cardiomyoblasts, where taurine restored metabolic activity best at 97.27%. Then 50 male athletes aged 18–22 took 320 mg/day of a beta-glucan-rich mushroom extract for 40 days: relative VO2max rose 14.8% and time to exhaustion lengthened 54.9 seconds, with shifts in white and red cell indices but no body-composition change. The single-arm design is hypothesis-generating only.

中印度团队开展随机双盲试验，87 名超重或肥胖的 2 型糖尿病风险者每日服用含 15 亿 CFU 益生菌、消化酶与桑叶、绿茶、肉桂、吡啶甲酸铬的复配制剂 84 天：肥胖组体重多减 4.51 公斤、腰围多减 11.03 厘米，HOMA-IR 降 24.8%（安慰剂 4.3%），LDL 下降而对照组上升。

ENIn an 84-day randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 87 overweight or obese adults at risk of type 2 diabetes took a blend of 1.5 billion CFU probiotics, digestive enzymes, mulberry leaf, green tea, cinnamon and chromium picolinate. Obese subjects lost 4.51 kg and 11.03 cm more waist than placebo, with HOMA-IR down 24.8% versus 4.3% and LDL falling where placebo rose; no serious adverse events.

中上海市卫健委印发《上海市社区营养服务能力提升试点工作方案》，在浦东、静安、徐汇等 8 个区试点，建立市-区-社区三级联动、医防融合、分级管理、全程连续的营养服务体系，开展营养评估-干预-随访全流程管理，并要求把高血压、2 型糖尿病、高脂血症、肥胖症的膳食运动指导要点嵌入社区医生工作站。

ENShanghai's health commission issued a pilot plan for community nutrition capacity in eight districts including Pudong, Jing'an and Xuhui, building a city-district-community, prevention-integrated, tiered and continuous nutrition service system covering assessment, intervention and follow-up, and requiring dietary and exercise guidance for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and obesity to be embedded in community physician workstations.

中报道指出，我国已启动为期 3 年的「体重管理年」活动，5500 多家二级、三级医疗机构设立健康体重管理门诊，慢性病综合防控战略持续推进。国家卫生健康委有关负责人表示，推动健康关口前移是防治慢病的关键一环，每个人要真正意识到自己是健康第一责任人，培育良好健康的生活方式、进行有规律的生活安排。

ENChina has launched a three-year weight-management campaign, with more than 5,500 secondary and tertiary hospitals now running healthy weight clinics as part of its chronic disease strategy, Xinhua reported. A National Health Commission official said moving the health gateway upstream is key to chronic disease control, and individuals must recognise themselves as first responsible for their health through regular, healthy routines.

中杭州萧山区北干街道天悦社区「善聚天悦·科学控糖」项目启动，将连开两期、每期 14 天的补贴控糖餐，采用「一吃一练」模式：社区食堂统一供餐、餐后集体练南无拳。首期学员中有人糖化血红蛋白降至 5.79 并逐步减药，也有人数月内体重减轻近 20 斤，项目由慈善资金与社会力量共同支持。

ENTianyue community in Hangzhou's Xiaoshan district launched a subsidised glucose-control programme running two 14-day rounds that pairs centrally prepared low-glycaemic meals with post-meal group exercise. Past participants report glycated haemoglobin falling to 5.79 with medication reduced, and one woman losing nearly 10 kg over several months; charity funds and social partners support the scheme.

中美国 Euvita Health 宣布推出全国性全健康与长寿平台，把医生主导的功能医学、深度生物标志物检测、注册营养师支持、睡眠优化、体能指导与循证补剂整合进同一远程医疗体系。其核心 BiomarkerIQ 平台结合检测结果、病史、生活方式与个人目标生成可执行健康路线图，并由多学科团队定期复评调整。

ENUS-based Euvita Health launched a nationwide whole-health and longevity platform combining clinician-led functional medicine, advanced biomarker testing, registered dietitian support, sleep optimisation, fitness coaching and research-backed supplements in one telehealth service. Its BiomarkerIQ engine turns labs, history, lifestyle and goals into an actionable roadmap that a multidisciplinary team reviews and adjusts over time.