全球健康与长寿每日简报Global Health & Longevity Daily Briefing

中郭旭生团队在《Aging Cell》发表研究：自然衰老小鼠的糖耐量受损存在性别差异，老年雄鼠循环瓜氨酸显著下降。灌服植物乳植杆菌 AS21 可调节肠黏膜菌群、增强瓜氨酸合成，促进肠内分泌细胞分泌 GLP-1，改善雄鼠糖耐量，而对糖耐量本就良好的雌鼠影响有限。

ENGuo Xusheng's team reported in Aging Cell that glucose intolerance in naturally aged mice is sex-biased, with aged males showing lower circulating citrulline. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AS21 reshaped gut mucosal microbiota, strengthened citrulline synthesis and GLP-1 release from enteroendocrine cells, improving glucose tolerance in males while barely affecting females.

中麻省理工团队基于 FS² 严格喂养试验发现，受控热量限制使体重下降约 12%，菌群发生可重复重构：Akk 菌与 Alistipes finegoldii 上升、青春双歧杆菌下降。随后 20 周三组不同碳水脂肪比饮食并未显著区分菌群。Shuttleworthia 丰度变化与减重后能量消耗能否维持相关。

ENUsing the tightly controlled FS² feeding trial, MIT researchers found that a roughly 12% weight loss produced reproducible microbiota shifts, with Akkermansia muciniphila and Alistipes finegoldii rising while Bifidobacterium adolescentis fell. Twenty weeks of diets at 20%, 40% or 60% carbohydrate failed to separate microbiota profiles; Shuttleworthia abundance tracked whether energy expenditure was preserved.

中巢式病例对照研究比较 69 例随访期内确诊克罗恩病者与 69 名匹配健康对照：临床前组粪便神经氨酸酶活性显著更高，每升高一个标准差，未来发病风险增加 54%（OR 1.54）。该活性与粪便钙卫蛋白、活泼瘤胃球菌丰度正相关，提示它更像临床前炎症的一环而非独立预测因子。

ENIn a nested case-control study of 69 people later diagnosed with Crohn's disease and 69 matched controls, preclinical cases had significantly higher faecal neuraminidase activity; each standard deviation raised future risk by 54% (OR 1.54). The activity correlated with faecal calprotectin and Ruminococcus gnavus abundance, suggesting it reflects ongoing preclinical inflammation rather than acting alone.

中健康成人吞服可采集数据的电子胶囊，连续 8 天记录转运时间、温度、pH 与肠道收缩。高频饮用组（8 天中至少 3 天、每天 1—5 杯）菌群多样性更高，小肠 pH 显著更低，结肠收缩更频繁。作者强调这是观察性研究，尚不能确认因果，下一步将做控量干预试验。

ENHealthy adults swallowed data-logging capsules that tracked transit time, temperature, pH and contractions for eight days. High-frequency drinkers — coffee on at least three of eight days, one to five cups daily — had greater microbial diversity, notably lower small-intestinal pH and more frequent colonic contractions. The authors stress the observational design cannot establish causation and plan a controlled intervention.

中这篇观点文章指出，现有脑衰老证据过度集中于高收入国家、且常用教育或收入等单一指标。作者主张用多社会风险评分、社会脆弱性指数等复合工具，经本地验证后刻画暴露组，并梳理应激、炎症、代谢、血管与表观遗传五条「生物学嵌入」通路，呼吁情境敏感的多层次全生命周期研究。

ENThis Perspective argues that brain-aging evidence is skewed toward high-income countries and often relies on single proxies such as education or income. The authors call for composite tools — polysocial risk scores, social vulnerability indices — harmonised, locally validated and combined with the exposome, and map five biological-embedding pathways: stress, inflammation, metabolic, vascular and epigenetic.

中在上海银发科技产业周大健康专场上，华东医院院长保志军指出我国预期寿命已达 79.25 岁，但与健康寿命仍有 8—10 年差距，衰弱带来的全身性问题常被忽略。该院牵头制定上海市地方标准《老年衰弱筛查规范》，用 10 道题的量表做早期识别，再配合营养、运动、用药优化与认知干预。

ENAt the Shanghai Silver Tech Industry Week, Huadong Hospital president Bao Zhijun noted that life expectancy in China has reached 79.25 years yet trails healthy life expectancy by eight to ten years, with frailty often overlooked. The hospital led a Shanghai local standard for frailty screening built on a ten-question scale, paired with nutrition, exercise, medication review and cognitive support.

中四川大学吴尧团队把 MXene@BaTiO₃ 压电异质结锚定于 PEEK 表面，超声下输出 1.2 微安脉冲电流，经 PI3K/Akt/MDM2 促 p53 降解，恢复 TRAP1–CypD 对线粒体通透孔的调控，使衰老骨髓间充质干细胞转向氧化磷酸化供能；大鼠股骨缺损模型中新骨与骨小梁明显增加。

ENWu Yao and Luo Bin at Sichuan University anchored a MXene@BaTiO₃ piezoelectric heterojunction onto PEEK, generating roughly 1.2 microamps of pulsed current under ultrasound. The signal drove PI3K/Akt/MDM2-mediated p53 degradation, restored TRAP1–CypD control of the mitochondrial permeability pore and shifted senescent mesenchymal stem cells toward oxidative phosphorylation, improving bone healing in rat femoral defects.

中《美国新闻与世界报道》邀请 63 位衰老与长寿领域专家、临床医生、研究者与营养师评估健康衰老的关键因素，得票前三依次是持续规律运动、营养均衡饮食与高质量睡眠，昂贵补充剂与新型疗法均未进入前列。报道同时引用全球共识，建议老年人每周 2—3 次抗阻训练并搭配有氧、平衡与柔韧练习。

ENUS News & World Report asked 63 aging and longevity specialists, clinicians, researchers and dietitians what matters most for healthy aging. Regular exercise, a balanced diet and restorative sleep took the top three spots, with no costly supplement or novel therapy close behind. The report also cites a global consensus advising two to three resistance sessions weekly plus aerobic, balance and flexibility work.

中上海六院营养科主任葛声分享：一位 75 岁女性长期服用多种抗衰补剂，蛋白质摄入却不足每公斤体重 0.6 克，一年无主动减重却掉了 4 公斤，握力仅 19 公斤。她强调精准营养应基于膳食调查、体重与握力等评估，先判断该不该补，再谈补什么，并排查补剂与现有用药的相互作用。

ENGe Sheng, nutrition director at Shanghai Sixth Hospital, described a 75-year-old woman taking multiple anti-aging supplements whose protein intake was under 0.6 g per kilogram; she lost 4 kg in a year without dieting and had a grip strength of only 19 kg. Ge argues precision nutrition starts with dietary assessment, weight and grip strength — deciding whether to supplement before what to supplement.

中意大利国家胃肠病研究所将 66 名 30—65 岁 MASLD 患者随机分组，干预组每日吃 400 克整颗 Navelina 橙子共 4 周。果糖胺呈下降趋势但未达显著，维 A、维 C 与膳食糖摄入升高，空腹血糖、胰岛素与 HOMA-IR 无显著变化。作者提示果糖胺受白蛋白影响且未检测，结论需谨慎。

ENItaly's national gastroenterology institute randomised 66 adults aged 30 to 65 with MASLD to 400 g of whole Navelina oranges daily for four weeks or no oranges. Fructosamine trended lower without reaching significance, vitamin A and C intake rose, and fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were unchanged. The authors caution that albumin, which affects fructosamine, was not measured.

中瑞典运动营养公司 Maurten 收购加州 Calorify，把双标水（DLW）检测纳入自身体系，创始人 Hari Mix 将领导新设研究部门 M. Labs。DLW 通过氘与氧-18 的消除速率推算二氧化碳生成与总能量消耗，全球累计仅约 3—4 万次检测；双方希望把补碳与补能方案从估算变成实测。

ENSwedish sports nutrition firm Maurten acquired California-based Calorify, bringing doubly labelled water testing in-house; founder Hari Mix will lead a new research unit, M. Labs. DLW infers carbon dioxide production and total energy expenditure from how deuterium and oxygen-18 wash out of the body, a method used in only 30,000 to 40,000 tests worldwide, mostly in academia.

中上海交大与新加坡国大团队整合数十项研究提出长寿食物金字塔：碳水供能比维持在 50% 左右死亡风险最低；膳食纤维充足者全因死亡风险降 10%—23%，重度摄入超加工食品者高 15%—30%。蛋白质方面，青年期 15%—20%，中年宜降动物蛋白、增植物蛋白，65 岁后回调至 15%—20%、优先鱼类。

ENA review from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the National University of Singapore proposes a longevity food pyramid: carbohydrate at about 50% of energy carries the lowest mortality, adequate fibre lowers all-cause death by 10% to 23%, and heavy ultra-processed food intake raises it by 15% to 30%. Protein should sit at 15% to 20% in youth, shift toward plants in midlife and return to 15% to 20% after 65.

中首尔光州药局推出「AI 营养补充剂咨询」：用户输入睡眠、饮食、运动等信息后，系统从 8 个品牌 265 款产品中推荐 1—3 款并说明理由，功能声称按韩国食品医药品安全处获批原文展示；孕妇、哺乳期或正在服药者直接转接药师。开发方称成本较外包降低约九成，已在首尔三家药房落地。

ENGwangju Pharmacy in Seoul launched an AI supplement consultation service that takes sleep, diet and exercise inputs, then picks one to three products from 265 items across eight brands with stated reasons, displaying only MFDS-approved claims. Pregnant, breastfeeding or medicated users are routed to a pharmacist. The developer says costs fell about 90% versus outsourcing and three Seoul pharmacies have adopted it.

中针对健全适老食品供给体系的建议，市场监管总局答复称将配合制定适老食品安全基础标准，在保健食品注册端严格安全性、保健功能与质量可控性审查，在备案端持续扩大原料目录与备案产品范围，推进注册备案双轨制，并鼓励研发适合老年人咀嚼吞咽和营养需求的产品。

ENResponding to a legislative proposal on food for older adults, the State Administration for Market Regulation said it will help set baseline standards, tighten safety, function and quality reviews in health food registration, keep widening the ingredient catalogue and filing scope, and encourage products suited to older consumers' chewing, swallowing and nutritional needs.

中新京报调查发现多款固体饮料以「全营养配方」「透析专用」等擦边特医食品的术语面向肾透析人群销售，其中一款具备保健食品资质的产品在不同店铺分别宣称「透析专用」与「试管备孕」。报道后 6 款产品原链接全部下架，部分重新上架时删去暗示性表述。2021 年总局公告已明确固体饮料不得暗示适用特定人群。

ENA Beijing News investigation found powdered drinks marketed to dialysis patients with terms borrowed from medical foods, such as complete nutrition formula or dialysis-specific; one product with health food status was pitched as dialysis-only in one store and fertility-support in another. Six listings were removed and some returned without the claims, which a 2021 regulator notice already prohibits.

中北京互联网法院审结一起直播带货纠纷：主播李某在直播间宣称茶叶可护眼、改善耳鸣，益生菌能治疗自闭症等疾病，平台多次警告后永久关闭其商品分享功能。法院认定茶叶与益生菌属普通商品，虚构医疗功效构成虚假宣传，平台处罚合理，驳回其恢复权限的诉讼请求。

ENBeijing Internet Court ruled against a livestreamer, surnamed Li, who told viewers that tea improves eyesight and tinnitus and that probiotics treat autism. After repeated warnings the platform permanently disabled his product-sharing function; the court held that tea and probiotics are ordinary goods and inventing medical effects constitutes false advertising, so the penalty stands.

中江苏高邮 60 岁以上人口占比达 34%，以县域医共体为龙头建成 2 家县级慢病管理中心，上线慢病全程健康管理系统，实现筛查到考核的全流程闭环，并建成 8 家健康管理型医院、5 家基层慢病筛防中心，常态化管理高血压、糖尿病、慢阻肺患者 9.88 万例；2025 年重大慢病过早死亡率降至 7.89%。

ENWith 34% of residents over 60, Gaoyou in Jiangsu built two county-level chronic disease centres on its medical consortium, launched a full-path management system covering screening through audit, and added eight health-management hospitals plus five primary-care screening centres. It now routinely manages 98,800 patients with hypertension, diabetes or COPD, and premature mortality from major chronic diseases fell to 7.89% in 2025.

中云南省政府办公厅印发《中医药振兴发展「十五五」规划》，要求二级及以上公立中医医院普遍设置老年病科与急诊科，持续推进老年中医药健康中心建设，鼓励有条件的医院开设体重管理门诊及心理、睡眠门诊，并推动 80% 的社区卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院规范开展 6 类 15 项以上中医适宜技术。

ENYunnan's provincial government issued a five-year plan for traditional Chinese medicine that requires geriatric and emergency departments in all secondary and higher public TCM hospitals, backs geriatric TCM health centres, encourages weight-management, psychological and sleep clinics, and targets 80% of community health centres and township hospitals delivering at least 15 approved TCM techniques across six categories.

中南京雨花台区在西善桥社区卫生服务中心设运动促进健康站，与健康体重管理门诊同处基层慢病筛防中心，居民可一站式完成就诊、并发症筛查、体质测评与运动评估。团队按「1+3+N」配置，实行五色分层管理与健康积分。建站至今服务 5434 人次、开具运动处方 1305 份、跟踪干预 217 人。

ENYuhuatai district in Nanjing placed an exercise-for-health station inside Xishanqiao community health centre, alongside a weight-management clinic in the primary chronic disease screening hub, so residents can complete visits, complication screening, fitness testing and exercise assessment in one stop. A 1+3+N team uses five-colour risk tiers and health points; the site has logged 5,434 visits and 1,305 exercise prescriptions.

中11 月 11—12 日，2026 上海银发科技产业周在徐汇漕河泾举行，以「智赋银龄·场景共创」为主题，为上海首个银发科技场景样本街镇（试点）授牌，成立 AI 银发向善共同体与银发数据、数字创意创新联合体，并围绕老年人主动健康、合理用药发布多份倡议；华东理工大学牵头的数据实验室落地徐汇。

ENThe 2026 Shanghai Silver Tech Industry Week ran on 11-12 November in Xuhui under the theme of technology for ageing, awarding the city's first model town pilot for elder-tech scenarios. It launched an AI-for-good in ageing consortium and a silver data and creative innovation alliance, issued pledges on active ageing and appropriate medication, and landed a data lab led by East China University of Science and Technology.